# Welcome to the Library Reference Builder!
This has been designed to help walk you through how to build references for the end of your essay from scratch. You won't always need to make a citation from scratch, but this is a good way to learn the components that make up a reference so you can spot errors in yours and other!
(link-reveal: "🐙 Click me!")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[When you see this octopus throughout, click on it for extra info about the step you're on!]
]
Which citation style are you using?
[[APA]]
[[Chicago]]
[[MLA]]
# Chicago [[🐙->Welcome!]]
Today you're being asked to make bibliography entries for three different kinds of sources in Chicago style (Notes & Bibliography). To start, go to the <a href="https://www.okanagan.bc.ca/library" target="_blank">OC Library website</a> and find one of each of these sources:
* An academic journal article
* A chapter from a book
* An article on the web (you can find this any way you want, doesn't have to be through the library!).
When you have your sources ready, please select your source below to get started on building a bibliography entry for it!
An [[Academic Journal Article]] (Notes & Bibliography)
A [[Chapter from a Book]] (Notes & Bibliography)
A [[Web Article]] (Notes & Bibliography)
An [[Academic Journal Article (Author-Date)]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Journal Article - Author
Academic journal articles are the backbone of scholarly research. Get used to them!
To start, we need our author. Like most reference styles, the author will be written last name, and then first name, with a period at the end.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[More than one author? List subsequent authors in standard *firstname lastname* format (more than *six* authors??? List the first three, then "et al."). <a href=https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/chicago/nb_articles">Click here for more info.</a>]
]
(input-box:2bind $CajAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, Firstname.")
Now we need to enter the [[title of our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]] ### Chicago - Book Chapter - Author
To start, we need to enter our author's name. In Chicago, we just have to do a simple last name, first name entry.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[More than one author? List subsequent authors in standard *firstname lastname* format (more than *six* authors??? List the first three, then "et al."). <a href=https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/chicago/nb_articles">Click here for more info.</a>]
]
Enter the author name below, and end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $CbcAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, Firstname")
Next is the [[title of our book chapter.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Web Article - Author
As with most bibliography entries, we need to begin with our author in last name, first name format.
Enter the author of your web article below and end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $CwaAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, Firstname.")
Now let's move on to the [[title of our web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Journal Article - Article Title
Like most styles, the the title of our article should be in quotations with a period at the end, as well as in <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">title case.</a> (this website is from the *APA* style blog, but it's just to explain how title case works).
Enter the title below.
(input-box:2bind $CajTITLE,"=XX=","\"Journal Article Title Here.\"")
Now let's do the [[name of our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Journal Article - Journal Name
Like most styles, the name of the journal should be in italics. You don't have to worry about applying italics in this case, but you should know that it's needed!
Unlike other styles, though, we won't be adding any punctuation at the end of our journal article. Do put it in title case though!
Enter the journal's name below.
(input-box:2bind $CajCONT,"=XX=","Journal Name")
Now let's do the [[issue and volume number of our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]
### Chicago - Journal Article - Volume & Issue Number
In Chicago, we only need to list the number for the volume, followed by a comma. Then write the abbreviation "no." for the issue number.
Enter the volume and issue numbers below.
(input-box:2bind $CajISSVOL,"=XX=","X, no. X")
Ok now on to the [[date of our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Journal Article - Date of Publication
Somewhat unique to Chicago, the date is listed in (parentheses), followed by a colon. For journal articles, we only need the year, (and occasionally the season if it's provided.)
Enter the year the article was published below.
(input-box:2bind $CajDATE,"=XX=","(20XX):")
Now let's do the [[page range of our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Journal Article - Page Range
The page range is very simple: just list the first page and then the last page of the article! If both numbers in the range fall within the same hundred (e.g., 187–189), the hundreds digit is only stated once: 187–89.
Enter your page range below, and end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $CajPGS,"=XX=","1XX-XX")
OK! We're almost done! Just need to add the [[link for our article]] and then we're finished.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Journal Article - DOI or Link
Most academic journal articles will have a special link called a DOI, which stands for *Digital Object Identifier.* This will be at the bottom of the library page for your article.
If you can't find this link, it may not be available. In this case, just paste in the permalink instead.
(input-box:2bind $CajLINK,"=XX=","http://doi.org...")
ALright! The bibliography entry for our [[journal article should be done.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
OK. If you entered everything correctly you should have a bibliography entry ready to be copied and pasted into your bibliography.
(print:$CajAUTH) (print:$CajTITLE) *(print:$CajCONT)* (print:$CajISSVOL) (print:$CajDATE) (print:$CajPGS) (print:$CajLINK).
Great work! Ready to do another one? Go back to the [[start 🐙->Chicago]]### Chicago - Book Chapter - Chapter Title
The title of our chapter needs to be wrapped in quotations, end in a period, and be in <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">title case.</a> (this website is from the *APA* style blog, but it's just to explain how title case works).
Enter the title below.
(input-box:2bind $CbcTITLE,"=XX=","\"Chapter Title Here.\"")
Next we will do the [[name of the book]] our chapter is from.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]
### Chicago - Book Chapter - Book Title
In Chicago, you need to put "In" before the book title, to indicate that your chapter is *in* that book. The book title, like most styles, must also be italicized.
Unlike other components of this bibliography entry, you will end the title with a comma, instead of a period.
I'll give you the "in" this time, and I will handle the italicization, so you just enter the title of your book below in title case.
In (input-box:2bind $CbcCONT,"=XX=","Title of your Book Here,")
Next we'll do the [[editor of our book.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Book Chapter - Book Editor
The editor is listed after the title of the book. First you'll write "edited by" and then the name of the editor, or editors, in plain old first name, last name format. Make sure there is a period at the end too.
Write in the editor name(s) below.
(input-box:2bind $CbcEDS,"=XX=","edited by Editor J. Edits.")
Almost done! Next we'll do the [[publisher of our book.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]
### Chicago - Book Chapter - Publisher
The publisher should be fairly obvious somewhere on the book or on the library page for the book. If you can't find it, put up your hand and ask me! Or if you're not in a class right now, ask your nearest librarian.
Write the publisher below in title case, and with a comma at the end.
(input-box:2bind $CbcPUB,"=XX=","Book Publisher Here,")
One last thing! We need the [[date our book was published.]]
### Chicago - Book Chapter - Date of Publication
The date for books is very easy: you just need the year it was published!
Enter the year below, and end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $CbcDATE,"=XX=","20XX.")
Alright! Let's take a look at our [[book chapter bibliography entry.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
OK. If you entered everything correctly you should have a bibliography ready to be copied and pasted into your bibliography!
(print:$CbcAUTH) (print:$CbcTITLE) In *(print:$CbcCONT)* (print:$CbcEDS) (print:$CbcPUB) (print:$CbcDATE)
Great work! Ready to do another one? Go back to the [[start 🐙->Chicago]]### Chicago - Web Article - Title
As with our other entries, the title of our web article needs to be wrapped in quotations, end in a period, and be in <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">title case.</a> (this website is from the *APA* style blog, but it's just to explain how title case works).
Enter the title of your web article below.
(input-box:2bind $CwaTITLE,"=XX=","\"Article Name Here.\"")
Now let's enter the [[name of our website.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Web Article - Name of Website
As with book titles and journal names, the name of our website we're getting our article from should be italicized and end with a comma.
Don't worry about the italics, but please enter the name of the website below with a comma at the end.
(input-box:2bind $CwaCONT,"=XX=","Website Name Here,")
Almost done! We need the [[date of our article now.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Web Article - Date of Publication
Here's where web articles differ from other resources: for a web article we need the full date, not just the year! Crazy, I know.
Please enter the full published date of the article below with a period at the end.
(input-box:2bind $CwaDATE,"=XX=","Month, XX, 20XX. ")
Just one more thing! We need the [[link to our web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Chicago - Web Article - Link
Of course we need the link! It's a web article after all.
Enter the url to your web article below in full with a period at the end.
(input-box:2bind $CwaLINK,"=XX=","http://www.yourlink.com.")
Alright we're done! Let's the [[bibliography entry for your web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
OK. If you entered everything correctly you should have a bibliography entry ready to be copied and pasted into your bibliography!
(print:$CwaAUTH) (print:$CwaTITLE) *(print:$CwaCONT)* (print:$CwaDATE) (print:$CwaLINK)
Great work! Ready to do another one? Go back to the [[start 🐙->Chicago]]
# MLA [[🐙->Welcome!]]
Today you're being asked to make Works Cited entries for three different kinds of sources in MLA citation style. To start, go to the <a href="https://www.okanagan.bc.ca/library" target="_blank">OC Library website</a> and find one of each of these sources:
* An academic journal article
* A chapter from a book
* An article on the web (you can find this any way you want. It doesn't have to be through the library!).
When you have your sources ready, please select your source below to get started on building a bibliography entry for it:
[[An Academic Journal Article]]
[[A Chapter from a Book]]
[[A Web Article]]
### MLA - Journal Article - Author
An academic journal article is the most common kind of source you're going to cite in essays in your post-secondary education experience. Get used to them!
As with all sources, we are going to start with the author. In MLA, we enter the full last name, then the full first name, separated by a comma and ending with a period.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[If your source has two authors, enter the first author in the above format, then the second author after in normal order. So something like this: "Last Name, First Name, and FirstName, Last Name."
More than two authors? "Last Name, First Name, et al." (*Et Al* is latin for "and others"!).]
]
You can enter your author name below (No author? Leave this blank and go to the next step).
(input-box:2bind $MjaAUTH,"=XX=","LastName, FirstName.")
Now lets do [[the title of our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Author
As with all citations in MLA, we're going to start with the author. In MLA, we enter the full last name, then the full first name, separated by a comma and ending with a period.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[If your source has two authors, enter the first author in the above format, then the second author after in normal order. So something like this: "Last Name, First Name, and FirstName, Last Name."
More than two authors? "Last Name, First Name, et al." (*Et Al* is latin for "and others"!).]
]
You can enter your author name below (No author? Leave this blank and go to the next step).
(input-box:2bind $MbcAUTH,"=XX=","LastName, FirstName.")
Now let's get [[the name of the chapter of the book.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Web Article - Author
A web article! Honestly, the most common source of information we deal with these days.
The Works Cited entry for webpages is also very straightforward. As with all MLA sources, we're going to start with the author. Enter it last name, first name below (don't forget the period at the end!).
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[If your source has two authors, enter the first author in the above format, then the second author after in normal order. So something like this: "Last Name, First Name, and FirstName, Last Name."
More than two authors? "Last Name, First Name, et al." (*Et Al* is latin for "and others"!).</a>]
]
No author? Leave this blank and go to the next step.
(input-box:2bind $MwaAUTH,"=XX=","Last, First.")
When you're done, we will continue on to the [[title of your web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Article Title
Now we need to enter the title of the journal article. This title should be wrapped in quotation marks and, like the author name, end in a period. If the title itself has quotation marks used in it, change those to single quotations. If the title has any *italics*, keep them italicized.
The title should also be in what's called <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">Title Case</a> (this website is from the *APA* style blog, but it's just to explain how title case works).
Fortunately, your journal article should be listed in title case in the library search, so you can just copy and paste it into the field below. Just don't forget the quotation marks and the period at the end!
(input-box:2bind $MjaTITLE,"=XX=","\"Article Title Here.\"")
Now let's do [[the name of the journal]] our article came from.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Journal Name
Now we need to enter the name of the journal our article came from. This information should be on the article page on the library search, or on the page of the article somewhere. If you need help finding it please ask!
Book and publication names are always *italicized* in MLA, and this goes for journal names as well. Because of the limitations of this form, I will italicize the title for you at the end. What I *will* ask you to do is add a comma at the end of the journal name. We need that to separate it from the date, which we will do next.
(input-box:2bind $MjaCONT,"=XX=","The Journal Name Review,")
Now let's do [[the volume and issue number.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Volume & Issue Number
Because academic journals are published in volumes and issues, we need to include this information in our citation in our Works Cited. The formatting is really straightforward, just "vol." with volume number and then "no." with the issue number. This should all be on the library page for your article.
Enter them below and make sure there's a comma after each.
(input-box:2bind $MjaISSVOL,"=XX=","vol. XX, no. XX,")
Now let's find [[the year our article was published.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Publication Date
Unlike web articles, journal article citations only require the year the article was published, not the full date.
Enter the year below, with a comma at the end.
(input-box:2bind $MjaDATE,"=XX=","20XX,")
Now let's enter [[the page range for our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Page Range
Academic journal articles are almost always published in a paginated format, which means a page range is necessary. This is formatted by writing "pp." and then the range of numbers. This page range should be listed somewhere but if it's not, just check the first and last page of your article and figure it out that way!
You can enter the page range below. Make sure to end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $MjaPGS,"=XX=","pp. XX-XX.")
We're almost done! Now we need to list [[the database]] our article came from.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Database
While there are many similarities between citation styles, this element is fairly unique to MLA: we need to enter the database this article is coming from. While this information should be clearly listed on the article page in your library search, if you can't find it, ask for help!
This is also the one other element of our citation that will be *italicized.* Again, I will handle that part, you just enter the database name below and make sure to end it with a comma.
(input-box:2bind $MjaDB,"=XX=","Database Complete,")
Just one more thing! [[The DOI for our journal article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Journal Article - Database or Link
DOI stands for "Direct Object Identifier" and essentially all it is is a fancy link that takes you directly to an academic resource in its database. This is important to include so those who read your papers can find your sources!
The DOI, like the rest of your citation, will be found on the article page. You will need to add the beginning of the link, however, which is "https://doi.org/" and then add the number after that. Enter this below.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[Now you might be wondering why there's no DOI on the library resource page you're looking at, and that's a fair question because sometimes there isn't one! If this is the case, paste the permalink in below instead.]
]
(input-box:2bind $MjaLINK,"=XX=","https://doi.org/...")
That's the last thing! [[Your journal article citation is now ready.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete
Now, if we entered everything correctly, you should have a correct citation for your journal article!
(print:$MjaAUTH) (print:$MjaTITLE) *(print:$MjaCONT)* (print:$MjaISSVOL) (print:$MjaDATE) (print:$MjaPGS) *(print:$MjaDB)* (print:$MjaLINK).
You can copy and paste this into your Works Cited page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/mla" target="_blank">OC MLA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->MLA]]### MLA - Web Article - Article Title
Now we need to enter the title of your web article. This title should be wrapped in quotation marks and, like the author name, end in a period.
The title should also be in what's called <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">Title Case</a> (this website is from the *APA* style blog, but it's just to explain how title case works).
Fortunately, most websites list the titles of their articles in title case already. So just copy and paste the title in to the space below. And don't forget the quotation marks!
(input-box:2bind $MwaTITLE,"=XX=","\"Title of Article Here.\"")
Now let's move on to [[the publication name and date for your web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Web Article - Website Name
Now we need to find the publication name for your web article, and this should be fairly easy too: it should just be the name of the website you're on! You can copy and paste or write the name in below.
Importantly, titles of publications and books in an MLA Works Cited need to be *italicized.* Because of the limitations of this form, I will italicize the title for you at the end. What I *will* ask you to do is add a comma at the end of the publication name. We need that to separate it from the date, which we will do next.
(input-box:2bind $MwaCONT,"=XX=","Publication Name,")
Now let's find [[the date for your web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Web Article - Date of Publication
One big difference between web articles and journal articles in book chapters is that web articles require the full date, rather than just the year. This comes after the website name we just did and is formatted DD MMM. YYYY with a comma at the end.
Find the publication date of your article and enter it below.
(input-box:2bind $MwaDATE,"=XX=","4 Oct. 20XX,")
Let's finish this up! Let's get [[the URL for your web article.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Web Article - Link
This is the easiest part of making a citation for a web article in MLA: all you need now is the link. Just copy and paste the link below, but then remove the "http://" from the beginning. Why? I'm not sure. This is just how folks at MLA have decided it should be.
(input-box:2bind $MwaLINK,"=XX=","www.yrlink.yeah")
Alright. I think [[your web article citation is ready!]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
Now, if we entered everything correctly, you should have a correct citation for your web article!
(print:$MwaAUTH) (print:$MwaTITLE) *(print:$MwaCONT)* (print:$MwaDATE) (print:$MwaLINK).
You can copy and paste this into your Works Cited page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/mla" target="_blank">OC MLA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->MLA]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Chapter Title
Now we need to enter the title of our chapter. This title should be wrapped in quotation marks and, like the author name, end in a period. If the title itself has quotation marks used in it, change those to single quotations. If the title has any *italics*, keep them italicized.
The title should also be in what's called <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">Title Case</a> (this website is from the *APA* style blog, but it's just to explain how title case works).
Fortunately, your chapter title should be listed in title case in the library search, so you can just copy and paste it into the field below. Just don't forget the quotation marks and the period at the end!
(input-box:2bind $MbcTITLE,"=XX=","\"Chapter Title Here.\"")
Now let's do [[the title of the book.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Book Title
This one is super simple. It's just literally the title of the book!
Book titles, as well as journal names and website names, are always *italicized* in MLA. Because of the limitations of this form, I will italicize the title for you at the end. What I *will* ask you to do is add a period at the end. We need that to separate it from the publisher, which we will do next.
The title should also be in <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case" target="_blank">Title Case</a> same as the chapter title.
Enter your title below, and don't forget the period!
(input-box:2bind $MbcCONT,"=XX=","Book Title Here. (if your book has an editor, put a comma at the end here instead of a period)")
Next we'll do the [[listed editor]] of the book
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Editor
If your book has a listed editor, write "edited by" before their name. Confusingly their name is in *FirstName LastName* order, unlike the author's name.
(input-box:2bind $MbcEDS,"=XX=","edited by FirstName LastName,")
Now let's move on to [[the publisher of the book.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Publisher
This is also exactly how it sounds: it's just the publisher of the book. This should be on the page for the book in your library search, but if it isn't, just ask for help!
Enter the publisher below with a comma at the end.
(input-box:2bind $MbcPUB,"=XX=","Publisher Press,")
Now we need [[the year your book was published.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Date of Publication
Like journal articles, citations for books only require us to list the year, and not the full publication date.
Enter the date below with a period at the end.
(input-box:2bind $MbcDATE,"=XX=","20XX.")
OK! Now we need [[the page range of our chapter.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Page Range
Like journal articles, we need to list the page range of any chapter we cite. This is formatted by writing "pp." and then the range of numbers. This page range should be listed somewhere but if it's not, just check the first and last page of your article and figure it out that way!
You can enter the page range below. Make sure to end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $MbcPGS,"=XX=","pp. XX-XX.")
We're almost done! Now we need to [[list the database our book came from.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### MLA - Book Chapter - Database
While there are many similarities between citation styles, this element is fairly unique to MLA: we need to enter the database this book is coming from. While this information should be clearly listed on the page in your library search, if you can't find it, ask for help!
This is also the one other element of our citation that will be *italicized.* Again, I will handle that part, you just enter the database name below and make sure to end it with a comma.
(input-box:2bind $MbcDB,"=XX=","Database Complete,")
Just one more thing! [[We need the DOI for our book.]]
### MLA - Book Chapter - Database or Link
DOI stands for "Direct Object Identifier" and essentially all it is is a fancy link that takes you directly to an academic resource in its database. This is important to include so those who read your papers can find your sources!
The DOI, like the rest of your citation, will be found on the library page. You will need to add the beginning of the link, however, which is "https://doi.org/" and then add the number after that. Enter this below.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[Now you might be wondering why there's no DOI on the library resource page you're looking at, and that's a fair question because sometimes there isn't one! If this is the case, paste the permalink in below instead.]
]
(input-box:2bind $MbcDOI,"=XX=","https://doi.org/...")
That's the last thing! [[Your book chapter citation is ready to go!]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
Now, if we entered everything correctly, you should have a correct citation for your book!
(print:$MbcAUTH) (print:$MbcTITLE) *(print:$MbcCONT)*, (print:$MbcEDS) (print:$MbcPUB) (print:$MbcDATE) (print:$MbcPGS) (print:$MbcDB) (print:$MbcLINK).
You can copy and paste this into your Works Cited page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/mla" target="_blank">OC MLA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->MLA]]# APA [[🐙->Welcome!]]
Today you're being asked to make references for three different kinds of sources in APA style. To start, go to the <a href="https://www.okanagan.bc.ca/library" target="_blank">OC Library website</a> and find one of each of these sources:
* An academic journal article
* A chapter from a book
* An article on the web (you can find this any way you want, doesn't have to be through the library!).
When you have your sources ready, please select your source below to get started on building a reference for it!
An Academic [[Journal Article]]
A [[Chapter]] from a Book
A Web [[Article]]
An [[IBIS World Report]]
### APA - Journal Article - Author
Academic journal articles are the bread and butter of sources in academia, and the type of source you'll likely be citing the most!
Let's start with the author. Author's in APA are listed last name, then first initial with a period at the end. Enter the author of your article's name in the form below in that format.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[Two authors? Follow the same format but put a comma and an "&" between them (*Author, A. A., & Author, B. B..*) More than two authors? Same format, but with commas between, and an "&" before the last author in the list. <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/APA/references#s-lg-box-16010369" target="_blank">Click here for more info.]
]
(input-box:2bind $AjaAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, A.")
OK, let's move on to the [[date]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]
### APA - Book Chapter - Author
Let's start with the author. Author's in APA are listed last name, then first initial with a period at the end. Enter the author of your article's name in the form below in that format.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[Two authors? Follow the same format but put a comma and an "&" between them (*Author, A. A., & Author, B. B..*) More than two authors? Same format, but with commas between, and an "&" before the last author in the list. <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/APA/references#s-lg-box-16010369" target="_blank">Click here for more info.]
]
(input-box:2bind $AbcAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, A.")
OK, let's move on to the [[year our book was published]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Web Article - Author
Web articles are the easiest to cite across the different citation styles, including APA!
Let's start with the author. Author's in APA are listed last name, then first initial with a period at the end. Enter the author of your article's name in the form below in that format.
(input-box:2bind $AwaAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, A.")
Now let's move on to [[the date]] of our web article.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Journal Article - Publication Date
This one is fairly easy: when it comes to the date for a journal article in APA, all you need is the year in parentheses with a period after. You can enter this below.
(input-box:2bind $AjaDATE,"=XX=","(20XX).")
Now on to the [[title]] of the article.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Journal Article - Title
This part is also pretty easy: just enter the title of your article below, and make sure to end it with a period.
An important thing to remember with the titles of articles or chapters in APA is that they need to be in *sentence case*. This means that only the first word of each sentence is capitalized <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/sentence-case" target="_blank">(click here for a longer explanation on the APA blog).</a> This is different from MLA and Chicago, which both use Title Case. Make sure your article titles are formatted correctly before you hand anything in!
(input-box:2bind $AjaTITLE,"=XX=","The title of your article here.")
Great! On to the [[publication]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Journal Article - Journal Name
In APA, the name of a website, publication, book, or journal, is also listed in sentence case just like the article or chapter title. The difference now is that the publication is *italicized*. Enter the name of the journal your article comes from below.
You can't do italics in this reference builder, so don't worry, I will do that for you! But you do still need to enter the name of the publication in *sentence case*, as you did with the title before this.
(input-box:2bind $AjaPUB,"=XX=","The journal name here.")
OK now we need the [[volume number and issue number]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Journal Article - Issue & Volume Number
In APA, you have to list the volume number and issue number of any journal article in your reference. The volume number is always *italicized* and the issue number is always wrapped in (parentheses). Unlike other elements of your citation, this section ends with a comma after it, rather than a period.
Confusingly, the volume and issue number are formatted with no space between them. To make this easier, I'm going to have you enter them separately below, but just remember when you see a volume and issue number right next to one another without a space between them, it's not a mistake!
Enter the volume number here: (input-box:2bind $AjaVOL,"=XX=","XX")
And the issue number here: (input-box:2bind $AjaISS,"=XX=","(XX),")
Alright now we need to enter the [[page range]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Journal Article - Page Range
Academic journal articles are almost always published in a paginated format, which means a page range is necessary. In APA, this is formatted simply by listing the range of the page numbers.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[This page range should be listed somewhere on the library page you're on, but if it's not, just check the first and last page of your article and figure it out that way!]
]
You can enter the page range below. Make sure to end it with a period.
(input-box:2bind $AjaPGS,"=XX=","XX-XX.")
We're almost done! Now we just need our [[DOI or link]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Journal Article - DOI or Link
DOI stands for "Direct Object Identifier" and essentially all it is is a fancy link that takes you directly to an academic resource in its database. This is important to include so those who read your papers can find your sources!
The DOI, like the rest of your citation, will be found on the article page. You will need to add the beginning of the link, however, which is "https://doi.org/" and then add the number after that. Enter this below.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[Now you might be wondering why there's no DOI on the library resource page you're looking at, and that's a fair question because sometimes there isn't one! If this is the case, paste the permalink in below instead.]
]
(input-box:2bind $AjaLINK,"=XX=","https://doi.org/...")
That's the last thing! [[Your APA journal article citation is now ready.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
Now, if we entered everything correctly, you should have a correct citation for your journal article!
(print:$AjaAUTH) (print:$AjaDATE) (print:$AjaTITLE) *(print:$AjaPUB)* *(print:$AjaVOL)*(print:$AjaISS) (print:$AjaPGS) (print:$AjaLINK)
You can copy and paste this into your References page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/APA" target="_blank">OC APA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->APA]]### APA - Web Article - Date of Publication
When it comes to dates, APA normally just requires the year, but with news and other web articles, it requires the month and the day as well.
Enter the date of your article in the form below. Remember, it needs to wrapped in parentheses and have a period at the end.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[If for some reason your web article doesn't have the full date listed, just put whatever information you do have, such as the year. No date at all? Put "n.d." which just means *no date*).]
]
(input-box:2bind $AwaDATE,"=XX=","(20XX, Month XX).")
Alright, now let's do [[the title]] of the web article.
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]
### APA - Web Article - Title
This part is pretty easy: just enter the title of your article below, and make sure to end it with a period.
Oddly, unlike every other source you will cite in APA, with web articles, the title of the article is *italicized* instead of the publication. I will italicize it for you, but it's good to keep this in mind!
An important thing to remember with the titles of articles or chapters in APA is that they need to be in *sentence case*. This means that only the first word of each sentence is capitalized. This is different from MLA and Chicago, which both use Title Case. Make sure your article titles are formatted correctly before you hand anything in!
(input-box:2bind $AwaTITLE,"=XX=","Title of your great web article.")
Ok! Now let's do [[the publication]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]
### APA - Web Article - Website Name
In APA, the name of a website, publication, book, or journal, is also listed in sentence case just like the article or chapter title.
(text-color: "#e10054")[🐙: As mentioned on the last page, with web articles the title of the article is *italicized*, not the publication. So this publication title will not be italicized.]
(input-box:2bind $AwaCONT,"=XX=","Publication name.")
Next we'll do [[the link]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
Now, if you entered all the information for your citation correctly along the way, you should have a complete citation below.
(print:$AwaAUTH) (print:$AwaDATE) *(print:$AwaTITLE)* (print:$AwaCONT) (print:$AwaLINK)
You can copy and paste this into your References page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/APA" target="_blank">OC APA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->APA]]### APA - Web Article - Link
This is the easiest part of any APA citation: this is literally just the link to your web article. Copy and paste it into the field below.
Unlike the rest of the elements in our citation, our link does *not* need a period at the end.
(input-box:2bind $AwaLINK,"=XX=","http:www.yourarticle.com")
Hey! That was easy. [[Your APA Web Article Citation is complete!]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - Publication Date
This one is easy: all you need here is the year the book was published in parentheses with a period after. You can enter this below.
(input-box:2bind $AbcDATE,"=XX=","(20XX).")
Now on to the [[title of the chapter from our book]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - Title
This part is also pretty easy: just enter the title of your chapter below, and make sure to end it with a period.
An important thing to remember with the titles of articles or chapters in APA is that they need to be in *sentence case*. This means that only the first word of each sentence is capitalized <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/sentence-case" target="_blank">(click here for a longer explanation on the APA blog).</a> This is different from MLA and Chicago, which both use Title Case. Make sure your article titles are formatted correctly before you hand anything in!
(input-box:2bind $AbcTITLE,"=XX=","The title of your chapter here.")
Great! On to the [[editor of the book our chapter is from]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - Editor
If your book has a listed editor or editors, write "in" (because your chapter is *in* their book) and then their name in First Initial, Last Name (just like the author, but reversed back to normal) order below. Then write either "(Ed.)" or "(Eds.)" depending on the number of editors, followed by a comma.
No editor? Just delete what is below and leave this one blank!
(input-box:2bind $AbcEDS,"=XX=","in F. Lastname (Ed.),")
Now let's move on to [[name of our book]].
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - Book Title
In APA, the name of a website, publication, book, or journal, is also listed in sentence case just like the article or chapter title. The difference now is that the book name is *italicized*. Enter the name of the book your chapter comes from below.
You can't do italics in this reference builder, so don't worry, I will do that for you! But you do still need to enter the name of the publication in *sentence case*, as you did with the title before this.
(input-box:2bind $AbcCONT,"=XX=","The book name here.")
You're doing great! Now we need the [[edition number and page range of our chapter.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - Edition Number & Page Range
Like journal articles, we also need to list the page range of any chapter we cite. This is formatted by writing "pp." and then the range of numbers. This page range should be listed somewhere but if it's not, just check the first and last page of your chapter and figure it out that way!
Most academic books have multiple editions so we're going to need to list that below before the page range as well.
Make sure to end this part, as usual, with a period.
(input-box:2bind $AbcPGS,"=XX=","(Xth ed., pp. XX-XX).")
We're getting there! Now we need to list [[the publisher of our book.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - Publisher
This one is exactly how it sounds: it's just the publisher of the book. This should be on the page for the book in your library search, but if it isn't, just ask for help!
Enter the publisher below with a period at the end.
(input-box:2bind $AbcPUB,"=XX=","Publisher Press,")
We're almost done! Now we just need [[a DOI or link.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - Book Chapter - DOI or Link
DOI stands for "Direct Object Identifier" and essentially all it is is a fancy link that takes you directly to an academic resource in its database. This is important to include so those who read your papers can find your sources!
The DOI, like the rest of your citation, will be found on the article page. You will need to add the beginning of the link, however, which is "https://doi.org/" and then add the number after that. Enter this below.
(link-reveal: "🐙")[
(text-colour: "#e10054")[Now you might be wondering why there's no DOI on the library resource page you're looking at, and that's a fair question because sometimes there isn't one! If this is the case, paste the permalink in below instead.]
]
(input-box:2bind $AbcDOI,"=XX=","https://doi.org/...")
That's the last thing! [[Your APA book chapter citation is now ready.]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
Now, if we entered everything correctly, you should have a correct citation for your book chapter!
(print:$AbcAUTH) (print:$AbcDATE) (print:$AbcTITLE) (print:$AbcEDS) *(print:$AbcCONT)* (print:$AbcPGS)(print:$AbcPUB) (print:$AbcDOI)
You can copy and paste this into your References page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/APA" target="_blank">OC APA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->APA]]To start, we need our author. Like most reference styles, the author will be written last name, and then first name, with a period at the end.
(input-box:2bind $CajAdAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, Firstname.")
Next we need to enter the [[year of our journal article]].For journal articles, we only require the year. Easy! Enter the year below, followed by a period.
(input-box:2bind $CajAdDATE,"=XX=","20XX.")
Next we'll do the [[title of our journal article]].The title is also fairly straight forward. Just copy in the title, and make sure it's wrapped in quotation marks and ending in a period.
(input-box:2bind $CajAdTITLE,"=XX=","Article Title Here.")
Next we need the [[name of the journal]] our article is fromThe name of the journal follows the name of the article, and it must be *italicized*. You don't need to worry about doing that for this activity, just enter the name of the article below. Just know that it will need to be //italicized// in your paper!
(input-box:2bind $CajAdCONT,"=XX=","The Chicago Journal.")
Next we need to enter the [[volume number, issue number, and page range]] of our article.Because of how they're published, we need to list the volume number, issue number, and page range of our article. Enter these below, following the example formatting.
Enter the volume number, then the issue number, below
(input-box:2bind $CajAdVOLISS,"=XX=","XX (X):")
Enter the page range below here. If both numbers in the range fall within the same hundred (e.g., 187–189), the hundreds digit is only stated once: 187–89.
(input-box:2bind $CajAdPGS,"=XX=","XXX-XX.")
Almost done! Now we just need the [[link for this article]].Most academic journal articles will have a special link called a DOI, which stands for *Digital Object Identifier.* This will be at the bottom of the library page for your article.
If you can't find this link, it may not be available. In this case, just paste in the permalink instead.
(input-box:2bind $CajAdLINK,"=XX=","http://doi.org...")
Awesome! Now let's see if we did it [[right]].### Complete!
OK. If you entered everything correctly you should have a bibliography entry ready to be copied and pasted into your bibliography.
(print:$CajAdAUTH) (print:$CajAdDATE) (print:$CajAdTITLE) *(print:$CajAdCONT)* (print:$CajAdVOLISS) (print:$CajAdPGS) (print:$CajAdLINK).
Great work! Ready to do another one? Go back to the [[start 🐙->Chicago]]### APA - IBISWorld Report - Author
Like any other APA citation, we will begin with the author, which is listed last name, first initial, with a period at the end.
No author? Just list "IBISWorld" as the author.
(input-box:2bind $IbisAUTH,"=XX=","Lastname, A.")
Next we'll do the [[date of the report]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - IBISWorld Report - Date
Sometimes IBISWorld Reports will have the month and the year, or just the year. For your citation, include any and all information that's available. Don't forget the period after the parentheses.
(input-box:2bind $IbisDATE,"=XX=","(20XX, Month).")
Next we need the [[title of the report]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - IBISWorld Report - Title
This part of the reference is very straightforward: all you need to do is enter the title of the report as it's written.
However, you need to put a colon (one of these "(bg:yellow)[:]") at the end of the title to lead into the next part of the reference.
(input-box:2bind $IbisTITLE,"=XX=","Name of Report:")
Next we need to enter the [[type of report and report number]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - IBISWorld Report - Report Type & Report Number
After the title of the report (and the colon), you will need to list the type of report you're referencing as well as its number.
You'll likely be referencing an *Industry Report*, so write that first, then the number, which is found at the end of the title of the report when you're viewing it online. You'll also need another period after the parentheses here.
(input-box:2bind $IbisREPORT,"=XX=","Report Type XXXX.")
Finally, we just need to mention where the report was [[retrieved from]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### APA - IBISWorld Report - Source & Retrieval Note
Between the report number and the retrieval note, this reference will require that you list, in *italics*, the site where it came from, which is *IBISWorld.* This will always be the same for IBISWorld sources, so don't worry about entering it below but also don't forget it on your actual references page.
After listing *IBISWorld* as the source, all IBISWorld references must note when they were retrieved. This is done by writing "Retrieved" and then the date you viewed the report.
After the date, you will write "from http://www.ibisworld.com" Just that. Not the direct link but the link to IBISWorld on the whole
(input-box:2bind $IbisRETRIEVED,"=XX=","Retrieved Month, Date, Year from http://www.ibisworld.com")
Alright, your [[IBISWorld Citation should be complete!]]
==><==
(text-size:0.5)[[Start Over->Welcome!]]### Complete!
Alright! If you entered everything correctly, your complete IBISWorld Reference should be below
(print:$IbisAUTH) (print:$IbisDATE) (print:$IbisTITLE) (print:$IbisREPORT) *IBISWorld.* (print:$IbisRETRIEVED).
You can copy and paste this into your References page now. If you need more guidance, or if your reference doesn't quite look right, refer to the <a href="https://libguides.okanagan.bc.ca/APA" target="_blank">OC APA Guide here!</a>
[[Click here to start over 🐙->APA]]